State Laws
State Laws
SELECT A STATE on the map below to view statistics about and laws relating to impaired driving.
SELECT A STATE on the map below to view statistics about and laws relating to impaired driving.

The National Alliance to Stop Impaired Driving (NASID) is a board coalition of stakeholders working in private/public partnership to eliminate all forms of impaired driving, especially multiple substance impaired driving. Established in 2021 and led by Responsibility.org, NASID works collaboratively through effective and proven measures such as DUI system reform, DUI detection, and improved use of data and technology.
NASID members include law enforcement, prosecutors, judges, toxicologists, academics, safety advocates, and industry leaders.
NASID provides national leadership to expand testing among impaired drivers, training for criminal justice practitioners, toxicology lab capacity improvements, and programs to increase likelihood of recovery and reductions in recidivism. Our work includes state and federal advocacy efforts, public awareness and education, and state implementation of effective programs.
Dr. Grondel’s career began when he joined the Washington State Patrol as a trooper in 1992, where was promoted to sergeant, lieutenant and ultimately captain before retiring in 2017.
During his time as captain, Governor Christine Gregoire appointed Dr. Grondel as director of the Washington Traffic Safety Commission (WTSC) in 2012. He was reappointed by Governor Inslee in 2013.
Under his leadership, the WTSC led the passage of multiple traffic safety laws including impaired driving policies and distracted driving laws that resulted in improved enforcement and effectiveness. Dr. Grondel also directed Washington’s efforts to measure the effect of marijuana legalization on
impaired driving. The data, programs, public education, research and policies he implemented to prevent drug-impaired driving and multi-substance impaired driving have provided a national model to address these emerging issues.
As director of the WTSC, Dr. Grondel served as chair of the Washington Impaired Driving Advisory Council, the Traffic Records Committee, the Tribal Traffic Safety Advisory Board, and the Washington State Autonomous Vehicle Work Group.
At the national level, Dr. Grondel served on the executive committee of the Governors Highway Safety Association (GHSA) Board of Directors, first as secretary and then as its chairman. He also serves on the Drug Evaluation and Classification Technical Advisory Panel, the Highway Safety Committee for the International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP) and the National Sheriffs’ Association’s Traffic Safety Committee. Dr. Grondel has contributed to numerous national projects related to drug-impaired driving, autonomous vehicles, and national strategic efforts to reduce traffic fatalities to zero.
Dr. Grondel has a doctorate of organizational leadership from Brandman University, a master of public administration from The Evergreen State College and a bachelor of political science from Brigham Young University.

Christiana joined Responsibility.org in 2015 and is currently Senior Manager of Traffic Safety. In this role, she supports the traffic safety team in their mission to end impaired driving. Christiana also manages the National Alliance to Stop Impaired Driving (NASID), a Responsibility.org coalition established to eliminate all forms of impaired driving. A graduate of George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, she holds a bachelor’s degree in Public Administration with a concentration in Public Policy and a minor in International Security. She holds a Post Graduate Diploma in International Affairs from King’s College London.
As an undergraduate, Christiana studied abroad at the University of Oxford and interned at the Department of State. Born in Pozzuoli, Italy, to military parents she lived in Europe and Asia. Christiana now lives in Fairfax, VA, with her fiancé and her cavapoo, Uno. In her spare time, she enjoys reading, spending time with friends and family, and exploring the world.
Chris is an impaired driving and traffic safety professional and lawyer with over 30 years of proven experience and leadership success in strategy capacity building, legislative and judicial outreach, media relations, and management of mission driven program initiatives.
Chris began his career as a Congressional Aide with Senator Alan Cranston and transitioned over to the Virginia Federation of Communities for Drug-Free Youth. He also worked within the political and criminal justice system of Virginia in a variety of capacities. Chris has devoted his life and career to serving others and working to prevent drunk and drugged driving.
Most recently he served as Virginia’s Director of Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Under his 17 years of leadership there, he built, maintained, and expanded the relationships Virginia legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, and a myriad of traffic safety partners. In working with DUI victims and media, his team developed a successful “Victim Stories” campaign utilizing different platforms reaching over 96 million people. A notable accomplishment was his leadership to pass Virginia’s mandatory ignition interlock law for all DUI convictions. This policy change took approximately six years to work through the issues and challenges but speaks to his leadership, character, and perseverance to change policy that saves lives.
Chris has a Juris Doctorate from Howard University School of Law and a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Speech Communications from the University of Richmond. He resides in Richmond, VA with his family.

Dr. Ryan C. Smith is the Senior Director of Traffic Safety Research and Innovation. In this role, he oversees a national traffic safety research agenda for Responsibility.org and the National Alliance to Stop Impaired Driving (NASID). Dr. Smith brings extensive experience from both the public and private sectors and is a national leader in impaired driving data, research, and countermeasures.
Dr. Smith most recently served as a transportation research analyst in the Office of Research and Engineering at the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB). His primary duties involved conducting safety research studies, supporting major crash investigations, and providing broad technical expertise in the areas of alcohol and other drug impairment. This included advocating for key safety recommendations through media requests, legislative testimony, and stakeholder engagement. He also served as a project manager and senior highway accident investigator in the NTSB’s Office of Highway Safety where he managed high-profile crash investigations and report development. Dr. Smith also completed an interagency detail in the Office of Behavioral Safety Research at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.
Prior to joining the NTSB, Dr. Smith was a Research Scientist and founding group leader for impaired driving research at the Virginia Tech Transportation Institute. His duties involved overseeing over $7M in extramurally funded research and leading a diverse team of faculty on projects spanning impaired driving prevention and advanced vehicle technologies.
Dr. Smith brings a national perspective to his work, having led cross-agency efforts to improve impaired driving prevention through research, data analysis, and policy engagement. He is an active member of both national and international working groups focused on impaired-driving prevention, including the Transportation Research Board, International Council on Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety, and the Association of Transportation Safety Information Professionals. He is a peer reviewer for numerous leading scientific journals and serves on the Editorial Board of The Journal of Safety Research.
He obtained his Ph.D. and Master’s Degree in Industrial and Organization Psychology from Virginia Tech. He also holds Bachelor’s Degrees in Psychology, Sociology, and Political Science – all from Virginia Tech.
Joey Ford is the Head of Member Relations at Responsibility.org. After graduating from the University of Alabama in 2014 with a degree in Political Science and a minor in Computer Science, Joey moved to Washington, DC where he started his career in Government Relations. His top priorities are to elevate the partner experience and work closely with partner organizations to help reach their goals. Joey has worked in several trade association roles over the years, most notably in the Apparel and Footwear, Data-Driven Marketing, and Manufacturing spaces.
Joey resides in Arlington, VA and in his free time enjoys watching the Alabama Crimson Tide, exploring new cities, and being active by hiking and playing sports.
Want to learn more about NASID and how you can join the fight to end impaired driving? Send us a note below.

Brian Swift and his family’s life drastically changed on March 20, 2013, when his mother and father were hit by a logging truck driver. His father, Thomas, died on the scene, and his mother, Barbara, was transported to a hospital and ultimately died of her injuries three days later. The driver who killed Brian’s parents ran a red light and struck their car. The driver would be charged with operating a commercial motor vehicle with a suspended license, driving recklessly, and driving under the influence of a controlled substance. He tested positive for THC, the primary psychoactive and impairing component of cannabis, and was convicted. His sentence for killing Barbara and Thomas — five years imprisonment.
The devastating death of his parents inspired Brian to take action to prevent impaired driving. Brian built a coalition and successfully pushed for Michigan Public Act 242 and 243 in 2016, affectionately known as the Barbara J. and Thomas J. Swift Law, the first legislatively mandated statewide oral fluid drug testing program in the country. The pilot program began in five Michigan counties run by the Michigan State Police. It was expanded a year later to include all Michigan counties. In this effort, the idea for NASID was born.
Brian is a staunch advocate for implementing effective laws, programs, tools and technology to help prevent and stop impaired driving. NASID is proud to have Brian as its spokesperson to push for better impaired driving laws and programs throughout the United States to save lives.
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Advances in technology present tremendous opportunity to reduce impaired driving but they are underutilized currently. NASID works to raise awareness of these technologies and increase funding available for states to take advantage of these innovative tools.
In most states, DUIs are not classified as felony offenses until the third or fourth conviction. This means that many first and second impaired driving offenders are not subject to active supervision, making it difficult to effectively monitor offenders for compliance. However various technologies can fill that supervision gap and also improve detection of impaired drivers.
Ignition interlocks are the most effective countermeasure to stop drunk driving. These devices are in use in all 50 states and D.C. and are mandatory for use among all DUI offenders in 34 states and D.C. However only about 25 percent of DUI offenders who are required to install ignition interlocks on their vehicles actually do so because DUI offenders are often not supervised after sentencing. There are a variety of strategies that states can use to increase ignition interlock implementation.
Oral Fluid tests are reliable, fast, non-invasive, and able to detect recent (within 24 hours) drug use. These devices can be used at the roadside to identify the presence and category of drugs among impaired drivers.
Ocular data systems and evidence recorders allow law enforcement officers to manually test the eye movements and responses of a subject while directly observing and capturing responses in a ‘live’ video. The subject’s captured responses can be stored and played back as evidence of impairment or for instructor critique in training.
Continuous alcohol monitoring provides 24/7 transdermal alcohol testing for repeat impaired drivers. These systems automatically sample the offender’s perspiration every 30 minutes and encourages accountability and can increase compliance rates with court orders and community safety.
Mobile fingerprinting devices help on-duty police officers verify identities of impaired driving suspects and also allows DUI arrest data to be uploaded to the federal National Crime Information Center database to better identify repeat DUI offenders as they travel between states. Standard arrest protocols often do not include fingerprinting which makes it more difficult to identify repeat DUI offenders.
The DRE Tablet App was developed by the University of Albany Institute for Traffic Safety Management and Research (ITSMR) to allow law enforcement officers to enter observations and assessments of impaired driving suspects into computer tablets. This electronic process allows data sorting, trend tracking, and informed enforcement efforts.
The DRE tablet app captures all the data required for a Drug Influence Evaluation, and more. The system includes an electronic version of a face sheet, validates data, generates PDF evaluation documents, and uploads all data, including drawings, to a state database. Since the evaluations contain sensitive personal information, data is fully encrypted, and security precautions are in place on both the tablet and the server.
Data collected from the application allows law enforcement agencies to plan their patrols around specific time frames and days of the week when multiple substance and drug-impaired driving violations are most prevalent.
Electronic Warrants (eWarrants) are an important tool to help law enforcement get impaired drivers off the roads. Automated warrant processes give law enforcement a streamlined tool to ensure people who drive impaired are held accountable. For more information and to learn how to set up these systems, click here.
Online Prosecutor Trainings are necessary to help ensure effective prosecution of DUI cases. Many prosecutors who work on DUI cases are fresh out of law school, yet impaired driving cases are the most complex cases to prosecute. Education is needed to provide an in-depth understanding of how to prosecute impaired driving. The National District Attorneys Association has developed an online training that is free and qualifies for CLE training. Learn more here.
Computerized Screening and Assessment programs that are validated specifically among DUI offenders are now available. There are three such programs: The Computerized Assessment and Referral System (free to use), the Impaired Driving Assessment (free to use) and the DUI-RANT Assessment. Traditional screening and assessment tools were not developed for the unique risks and needs among impaired drivers. The result has been that an offender’s risk of recidivism, substance use and mental health disorders and treatment needs have not been accurately identified. It is common for impaired drivers to have undiagnosed and untreated substance use and mental health disorders. Without effective identification of these problems, behavior change is unlikely, and they have a higher risk to become repeat offenders.
Rideshares give people a way to safely travel home after consuming alcohol or drugs. Platforms such as Uber and Lyft are attractive to use, affordable for many and a much safer alternative to driving or walking impaired.